बच्चाहरुको विकास पछाडी

यो पहिलो विकास चरणको समयमा, बच्चाहरूको शरीर र दिमाग बाहिरको संसारसङ्ग जिउन सिकिरहेका हुन्छन्। न्म र ३ महिनाको बीचमा तपाईंको बच्चाले तल दिएको कुरा हरु गर्न सक्छ: 

  • मुस्कान । सुरु सुरुमा बच्चाहरु आफ्नैलागी मुस्कुराउछन्। तर तीन महिना भित्र, उनीहरु तपाईको मुस्कानको जवाफमा मुस्कुराउनेछन्।
  • उनिहरु पेटको साहाराम आफ्नो टाउको र छाती उठाउन सक्छन।
  • आँखाले बस्तु हरु पछ्छाउन सक्नेछन।
  • आफ्नो हात खोल्न र बन्द गर्न र हात मुखमा लाने गर्छन्।
  • आफ्नो हातले वस्तुहरू समात्ने गर्छन्।
  • दाँया बाँया चल्ने गर्छन र सरेर समन् हरु समत्न खोज्छन तर सक्दैनन्।

यी महिनाहरूमा, शिशुहरू आफ्नो वरपरको सन्सार सङ्ग परिचित हुन र हेरफेर गर्न सिकिरहेका हुन्छन्। तिनीहरू आफ्नो हात चलाएर बिभिन्न कामहरु गर्न सिकिरहेका हुन्छन्। यहि बेलामानै तिनीहरू आफ्नो आवाज चिन्न थलेका हुन्छन्।

४ देखि ६ महिनाको उमेरमा तपाईंको बच्चाले सम्भवतः

  • पल्टेरै दाँया बाँया गर्ने गर्दछन्। कहिले छती ले कहिले ढाडले पल्टिरहेको हुन्छन्।
  • लटर पटर गर्दै शब्द जस्तै आवाज निकाल्ने गर्दछन्। 
  • हाँस्ने गर्दछन्।
  • हात आगडि सरेर वस्तुहरू समत्न खोज्दछन्, खेलौना हरु चलाउन खोज्दछन्। यो बेलामा तपाईंको कपालको समतेर तान्न खोज्दछन्।
  • आड लिएर बस्न सक्दछन् र टाउको नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्दछन्।

वर्षको दोस्रो भागमा तपाईको बच्चा आब चल्न थाल्छ। बामे सरेर, गुल्टिदै कतै पुग्न सकिन्छ भन्ने थाहा पाए पछि अबको केहि महिना कसरी अगाडी र पछडी गर्न सकिन्छ भनेर सिक्नमा जन्छ। यदि तपाईले आफ्नो घरमा बाल सुरक्षाको सामाग्री (चोट-पटक नलागोस भनेर) लगाउनु भएको छैन भने यो उपयुक्त समय हो। ढिलो नगर्नुहोस।

यो समय अवधिमा, तपाईंको बच्चाले निम्न कुराहरु गर्नेछ:

  • हात खुट्टाले हिड्ने गर्दछन्। यसमा Scooting (बसेको वरिपरि घुम्ने) वा "सेना क्रलालिङ्ग" (army crawling) - हात र खुट्टाले पेट सार्दै अगाडि बढ्ने पर्दछ।
  • बिना सहारा बस्न सक्नेछन्।
  • आफ्नो नाम सुन्दा रोकेर हेर्ने गर्छन्। तपाईले हुन्न भन्दा रोकेर हेर्छन्। "मामा", "बाबा" जस्तो सुनिने आवज निकाल्छन्।
  • ताली बजाउन सक्छन्, सामान्य खेल जस्तै लुक्ने-हेर्ने (peek-a-boo) खेल्न सक्छन्।
  • बिस्तारै उभिन सक्छन्।

बच्चाहरु पहिलो वर्षमा अन्तिम तिर धेरै परिवर्तन हुन्छन। तिनीहरू अब शिशु होइनन्, सनो बालक भैसकेका हुन्छन्। तर तिनीहरू अझै पनि धेरै तरिकामा बच्चा छन्। तिनीहरू सिक्दै छन्:

 

What should you do if you think your baby is not meeting growth or developmental milestones, when he should? First, trust your instincts. If you really feel like something’s wrong, then talk to your doctor about it because if there is a problem, we want to catch it as soon as we can. Early intervention is best, and you know your child better than anyone.

Remember, however, that it is not exactly when your baby sits up by himself or says his first word that is important; it’s that he’s moving forward in his development. Don’t look at the time as much as the progression, and see that your child is changing and growing. It’s not a race and its not worthy. Nobody’s going to ask on a school admission when your child first walked or said ‘ma-ma.’

This table shows common developmental milestones that babies reach each month during their first year, in four major categories. Keep in mind that all babies are different and every baby grows at his own pace. There's no precise time that most of these skills first appear. If your child hasn’t reached a milestone by the month it is listed on this chart, it is usually a perfectly normal variation in child development. Watch for progress, not deadlines.

Timeline Behaviour Shown
1 Month Moves head from side to side when on stomach.
  Strong Grip
  Stares at hand and fingers
  Tracks movement with eyes
2 Months  Holds head and neck up briefly while on tummy
  Opens and closes hand
  Begins to play with finger
  Smiles responsively
3 Months Reaches and grabs at objects
  Grabs objects in hand
  Coos ( makes soft sounds)
  Imitates you when you stick out your tongue
4 Months Pushes up on arms when lying on tummy
  Grabs object and get them
  Laughs loud
  Enjoys play and may cry when playing stops
5 Months Begins to roll in one or another direction
  Is learning to transfer object from one hand to other
  Spits bubbles
  Reaches for mother and father and cries if they are out of sight
6 Months Rolls over both ways
  Uses hand to shake/rake small objects
  Babbles (unrecognizable words/sounds)
  Recognizes faces – parents and family members
7 Months Moves around -  is starting to crawl
  Is learning to use thumb and fingers
  Babbles in more complex way
  Responds to other people emotion (laughs when other laughs)
8 Months Sits well without support
  Begins to clap hands
  Responds to familiar words, looks when you say his name
  Plays interactive games like peek- a- boo (face hide and seek)
9 months May try to climb/crawl up stairs
  Starts to pinch
  Learns object permanence -- that something exists even if he can’t see it
  Is at the height of stranger anxiety
10 Months Pulls up to stand
  Stacks and sorts toys
  Waves bye-bye and/or lifts up arms to communicate “up”
  Learns to understand cause and effect (“if I cry, then my Mommy comes”)
11 months Talks small steps using furniture and other support
  Turns pages while you read
  Says “mama” or “baba” for either parent
  Uses mealtime games (dropping spoon, pushing food away) to test your reaction; expresses food preferences
12 months Stands without support and may take first steps
  Helps while getting dressed (pushes hands into sleeves)
  Says an average of 2-3 words (often “mama” and “baba”)
  Plays imitative games such as pretending to use the phone

 

यो जानकारी चिकित्सा सल्लाहको विकल्प हैन र डाक्टर-रोगी सम्बन्ध सिर्जना गर्दैन। यदि तपाईलाई बालबालिकाको स्वास्थ्यको बारेमा कुनै चिन्ता वा संकोच छ भने तपाईलाई तुरुन्त आफ्नो डाक्टर वा स्वास्थ्य सेवकलाई देखाएर सल्लाह लिनुहोस ।

References:

http://www.webmd.com/parenting